Estudio etnobotánico y morfológico de "mito" Vasconcellea candicans con énfasis en plántulas
Fecha
2018
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Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Resumen
Vasconcellea candicans, conocida como el Mito, es una planta endémica de Perú y Ecuador, perteneciente al mismo grupo botánico del Papayo. Crece en estado silvestre en zonas subxerofíticas de las lomas costeras de Perú y en las vertientes occidentales de los Andes. Sus frutos maduros son aromáticos y ligeramente dulces, pero pueden volverse amargos si se cosechan incorrectamente debido al látex en su cáscara y tallos, que contiene papaína, una enzima con múltiples usos industriales. La especie ha sufrido depredación por sobrepastoreo y uso ineficiente de su tronco. El estudio documentó las características morfológicas de árboles adultos y plántulas de Vasconcellea candicans, y su relación con los grupos humanos. Se encontró que es un árbol pequeño, caducifolio, con hojas grandes y blanquecinas en el envés. La germinación es epígea y las plántulas presentan cotiledones foliares persistentes y variación en la forma de las hojas. La especie ha sido utilizada desde el Perú prehispánico como recurso alimenticio, medicinal y cultural. El fruto es jugoso, nutritivo y medicinal, usado principalmente para tratar malestares del hígado, y su látex se usa tradicionalmente para tratar verrugas y uta.
Abstract Vasconcellea candicans, known as the Mito, is a plant endemic to Peru and Ecuador, belonging to the same botanical group as the Papaya. It grows wild in subxerophytic areas of the coastal hills of Peru and the western slopes of the Andes. Its ripe fruits are aromatic and slightly sweet but can become bitter if improperly harvested due to the latex in its peel and stems, which contains papain, an enzyme with multiple industrial uses. The species has suffered extensive depredation due to overgrazing and inefficient use of its trunk. The study documented the morphological characteristics of adult trees and seedlings of Vasconcellea candicans, and its relationship with human groups. It was found to be a small, deciduous tree with large, whitish-backed leaves. Germination is epigeal, and seedlings exhibit persistent foliar cotyledons and variation in leaf shape. The species has been used since pre-Hispanic Peru as a food, medicinal, and cultural resource. The fruit is juicy, nutritious, and medicinal, primarily used to treat liver ailments, and its latex is traditionally used to treat warts and uta.
Abstract Vasconcellea candicans, known as the Mito, is a plant endemic to Peru and Ecuador, belonging to the same botanical group as the Papaya. It grows wild in subxerophytic areas of the coastal hills of Peru and the western slopes of the Andes. Its ripe fruits are aromatic and slightly sweet but can become bitter if improperly harvested due to the latex in its peel and stems, which contains papain, an enzyme with multiple industrial uses. The species has suffered extensive depredation due to overgrazing and inefficient use of its trunk. The study documented the morphological characteristics of adult trees and seedlings of Vasconcellea candicans, and its relationship with human groups. It was found to be a small, deciduous tree with large, whitish-backed leaves. Germination is epigeal, and seedlings exhibit persistent foliar cotyledons and variation in leaf shape. The species has been used since pre-Hispanic Peru as a food, medicinal, and cultural resource. The fruit is juicy, nutritious, and medicinal, primarily used to treat liver ailments, and its latex is traditionally used to treat warts and uta.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Departamento Académico de Manejo Forestal. Tesis para optar el título profesional de Ingeniero Forestal.
Asesor PhD. Carlos Augusto Reynel Rodríguez
Asesor PhD. Carlos Augusto Reynel Rodríguez
Palabras clave
Vasconcellea Candicans (Mito), Papaya Silvestre, Características agronómicas, Etnobotánica, Plántulas, Perú