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Ítem Solo Metadatos Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of dengue fever in Peru(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022)Dengue virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coexist in dengue-endemic countries; therefore, the adoption of preventive measures is essential to control the spread of both viruses. We conducted an ecological study to compare the temporal patterns of the incidence of dengue before and during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Peru. A time-series analysis comparing the incidence of dengue using a Student's t test with variance correction was performed. Poisson regression was applied to determine the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of dengue before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of dengue was found to be increased in all endemic regions of Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the highest incidences registered in Ica (IRR = 90.14), Huánuco (IRR = 38.6), and Ucayali (IRR = 23.78), with the exception of Piura (IRR = 0.83). The highest increases in the number of dengue cases per million inhabitants were in Ucayali (393.38), Tumbes (233.19), Ica (166.08), and Loreto (129.93). The gradient of dengue cases was positive in all endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of dengue cases per million increased during the COVID-19 pandemic throughout Peru and in several endemic regions, with the exception of Piura. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLCÍtem Solo Metadatos Horizontal ridge augmentation with guided bone regeneration using particulate xenogenic bone substitutes with or without autogenous block grafts: a randomized controlled trial(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2019)Background: To evaluate dimensional bone alterations following horizontal ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) with or without autogenous block graft (ABG) for the rehabilitation of atrophic jaws with dental implants. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients, with 42 severe horizontal bone atrophy sites in the maxilla or mandible were randomly assigned to two groups: ABG or GBR. The ABG group received a combination of ABG with particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane, while the GBR group received particulate xenograft alone, covered by a collagen membrane. After 6-9 months of healing, implants were inserted. All implants were definitively restored 6 months after implant placement. Radiographic examination (cone-beam computed tomograms) was performed immediately after bone grafting procedure (T0), at 6 months (T6), and at 18 months (T18), to evaluate the amount of horizontal bone width (HBW) gain. Patient demographic information, amount of ridge width augmentation, implant survival, complications, and contributing factors were gathered and analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine patients completed the study. Both groups developed enough bone ridge width for implant placement. A total of 65 implants were placed. Implant survival rate was 100% in both groups at T18. Mean increases in HBW amounted to 5.6 ± 1.35 mm in GBR sites and 4.8 ± 0.79 mm in ABG sites at T18. There was no statistically significant difference in HBW gain obtained in the GBR group when compared to the ABG group at 6 months (P = 0.26) or 18 months (P = 0.26). However, the ABG group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of sensory disturbances (P = 0.02) and hematomas (P = 0.002) compared to the GBR group. Conclusion: These findings indicated that either GBR with or without ABG is an effective approach in augmenting resorbed horizontal deficient ridges prior to implant placement. However, more complications may be seen with the use of ABG related to the donor sites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ítem Solo Metadatos High seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in South America, but still not enough for herd immunity!(Elsevier B.V., 2021)Herd immunity is considered to be a relevant aspect of COVID-19 epidemiology. In this regard, seroprevalence studies are essential for understanding how far countries and regions are from that potential point. This study analyzed seroprevalence data in nine studies from South America, which is a region that has been badly affected by COVID-19. Seroprevalence values were high, with percentages up to 70.0% (95% CI 67.0-73.4%) in Iquitos, Peru. A meta-analysis of such data enabled a pooled seroprevalence to be obtained, estimated at 33.6% (95% CI 28.6-38.5%). Despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic in South America continues to significantly affect countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. © 2021 The Author(s)Ítem Solo Metadatos High incidence of mislabeling and a hint of fraud in the ceviche and sushi business(Elsevier Ltd, 2021)Peru is a major fishing country and has a high consumption of fish per capita of approximately 25.4 kg/person. The gastronomic boom of the Peruvian seafood business has been increasing steadily, mostly led by seafood restaurants called cevicherias for the prevalence of their main dish “ceviche”. We investigated the incidence of seafood fraud (i.e. mislabeling and substitution) in restaurants, supermarkets, and fish retail markets from September 2017 and October 2018, in Lima, the capital of Peru. We conducted DNA barcode sequencing of 364 samples collected from fresh and frozen fish fillets and ready-to-eat dishes (i.e. ceviche, sushi, and sashimi) and compared the expected species (from sale name) to observed species (from genetic identification). We found incidences of seafood fraud in 43% of samples collected. Restaurants exhibited a significantly higher incidence (61%) compared to supermarkets. Within restaurants, 71% of samples collected in cevicherias and 47% from sushi-bars exhibited mislabeling/substitution. For cevicherias, mislabeling/substitution was inversely associated to the cost of the dish. A small number of species were commonly used as substitutes, including species without fishery management plans. Also found in the samples were threatened species, notably: Anguilla anguilla and Thunnus thynnus. Our results revealed that seafood fraud, whether as mislabeling or as substitution, occurs in Lima and increases along the supply chain, it is influenced by product price, and includes threatened species. But this is a first snapshot. We recommend the implementation of an official and regulated list of commercial fish products and continuous monitoring at points of sale to understand the prevalence of seafood fraud over large periods of time and in other cities with high consumption of seafood products. © 2021 Elsevier LtdÍtem Solo Metadatos Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general surgery residency program in Peru: a cross-sectional study(Elsevier Ltd, 2020)Background: General surgey is a specialty of high demand and relevance. We aimed to collect the opinions of the residents and their tutors and heads of department, regarding the impact that this COVID-19 pandemic is having - and will probably have - on the training of future general surgeons in Peru. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Lima, Peru. We surveyed residents of general surgery, as well as their tutors and heads of surgery departments from 14 Peruvian hospitals. Results: The impact of COVID-19 was considered severe in approximately 60% of first-year residents, 100% of second-year residents, 40% of third-year residents and about 80% of attending physicians. The 68.8% of the residents considered that the loss of surgical training opportunities during the pandemic would negatively affect their job performance. In addition, as of 03/16/2020, no residents had performed more than 25 elective surgeries, trauma surgeries or laparoscopic procedures. All the participants (including tutors and heads of departments) highlighted the need to extend the residency period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the training of the general surgery residents. Deficiencies need to be identified in order to evaluate extending the period of the medical residency program in Peru. © 2020Ítem Solo Metadatos Health system responses for type 1 diabetes: a scoping review(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022)Aims: The focus of health system interventions for noncommunicable diseases and diabetes focus mainly on primary health care responses. However, existing interventions are not necessarily adapted for the complex management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We aimed to identify and describe health system interventions which have been developed to improve the management of T1DM globally. Methods: We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health using OVID for peer-review articles published in either English, Spanish, Portuguese or French in the last 10 years. We classified the intervention strategies according to the Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy for health system interventions and the World Health Organization (WHO) health system building blocks. Results: This review identified 159 health system interventions to improve T1DM management. Over half of the studies focused only on children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Only a small fraction of the studies were conducted in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). According to the EPOC taxonomy, the most frequently studied category was delivery arrangement interventions, while implementation strategies and financial arrangements were less frequently studied. Also, governance arrangements domains were not studied. The most common combination of intervention strategies included self-management with either telemedicine, use of information and smart home technologies. Conclusions: There is a need to expand potential interventions to other EPOC strategies to assess their potential effect on health outcomes in people with T1DM, as well as to involve more LMIC settings as the impact may be greater in these settings. © 2022 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UKÍtem Solo Metadatos Habitat quality differentiation and consequences for ecosystem service provision of an amazonian hyperdominant tree species(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021)Ecosystem services of Amazonian forests are disproportionally produced by a limited set of hyperdominant tree species. Yet the spatial variation in the delivery of ecosystem services by individual hyperdominant species across their distribution ranges and corresponding environmental gradients is poorly understood. Here, we use the concept of habitat quality to unravel the effect of environmental gradients on seed production and aboveground biomass (AGB) of the Brazil nut, one of Amazonia’s largest and most long-lived hyperdominants. We find that a range of climate and soil gradients create trade-offs between density and fitness of Brazil nut trees. Density responses to environmental gradients were in line with predictions under the Janzen–Connell and Herms–Mattson hypotheses, whereas tree fitness responses were in line with resource requirements of trees over their life cycle. These trade-offs resulted in divergent responses in area-based seed production and AGB. While seed production and AGB of individual trees (i.e., fitness) responded similarly to most environmental gradients, they showed opposite tendencies to tree density for almost half of the gradients. However, for gradients creating opposite fitness-density responses, area-based seed production was invariable, while trends in area-based AGB tended to mirror the response of tree density. We conclude that while the relation between environmental gradients and tree density is generally indicative of the response of AGB accumulation in a given area of forest, this is not necessarily the case for fruit production. © Copyright © 2021 Thomas, Jansen, Chiriboga-Arroyo, Wadt, Corvera-Gomringer, Atkinson, Bonser, Velasquez-Ramirez and Ladd.Ítem Solo Metadatos Guillain–Barre syndrome outbreak in Peru: association with polymorphisms in IL-17, ICAM1, and CD1(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019)Background: Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) is considered a complex disorder with significant environmental effect and genetic susceptibility. Genetic polymorphisms in CD1E, CD1A, IL-17, and/or ICAM1 had been proposed as susceptibility genetic variants for GBS mainly in Caucasian population. This study explores the association between selected polymorphisms in these genes and GBS susceptibility in confirmed GBS cases reported in mestizo population from northern Peru during the most recent GBS outbreak of May 2018. Methods: A total of nine nonrelated cases and 11 controls were sequenced for the polymorphic regions of CD1A, CD1E, IL-17, and ICAM1. Results: We found a significant protective association between heterozygous GA genotype in ICAM1 (241Gly/Arg) and GBS (p '.047). IL-17 was monomorphic in both controls and patients. No significant differences were found in the frequency of SNPs in CD1A and CD1E between the group with GBS patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: ICAM1 polymorphisms might be considered as potential genetic markers of GBS susceptibility. Further studies with larger sample size will be required to validate these findings. © 2019 INBIOMEDIC. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ítem Solo Metadatos Efectos en la salud asociados a la ingesta de frutas cítricas en infantes de 6 a 24 meses de edad: protocolo de una revisión sistemática [Health effects associated with the citrus intake in infants from 6 to 24 months of age: a systematic review protocol](Asociacion Espanola de Dietistas-Nutricionistas, 2022)Introduction: In Latin America, the recommendations about the introduction of citrus in the complementary feeding are heterogeneous. Food restriction during the first years of life can increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of the review is to identify the health effects associated with the citrus intake in infants from 6 to 24 months of age. Methodology: We will include studies with preterm infants, without diseases or surgical interventions that require dietary modification. Citrus are considered as Orange, Camu Camu, Tangelo, Lemon, Mandarin, Lime, Cider, Grapefruit, and Clementine, consumed in the natural form or in juices or extracts, or in combination with other foods. All health effects associated with the intake of citrus will be reported. The databases of MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Epistemonikos, LILACS, and SciELO will be searched. Also, grey literature will be searched in international thesis repositories. Observational studies, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials will be included. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be done independently, in duplicate and with blinding. At the end of each stage, blinding will be lifted to resolve conflicts between reviewers through consensus. A narrative synthesis of the results of the primary studies and the risk of bias will be conducted. © 2022 Asociacion Espanola de Dietistas-Nutricionistas. All rights reserved.Ítem Solo Metadatos Helminth parasites of bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the department of Junin, Peru and check list of records made in Peru(Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, 2020)The objective of this work was to determine the parasitic helminth fauna of the phylostomid bats of Junin, Peru, as well as to prepare an updated checklist of records made in Peru. Thirty bats of 6 different species belonging to the family Phyllostomidae were captured in the locality of Chanchamayo, Junin, Peru. Of these species, Artibeus lituratus Olfers, 1818, A. planirostris (Spix, 1823) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) were parasitized by trematodes and nematodes; Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) by cestodes and nematodes; Carollia benkeithi Solari & Baker, 2006 and Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) by nematodes. A total of 175 trematode specimens, 115 nematode specimens and 8 cestode specimens were collected. All parasites found in the survey are new records for the department of Junin. The checklist developed in this study found 26 parasite species in the literature. Litomosoides brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, was the endoparasite with the largest number of hosts. The number of hosts with at least one species of parasite recorded was 22 bat species on the checklist. © 2020 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia.Ítem Solo Metadatos Parámetros hematológicos y de bioquímica sanguínea en diez especies de peces marinos capturados por pesquería artesanal en la Bahía del Callao, Perú [Hematological parameters and blood biochemical in ten species of marine fish captured by artisanal fishery in Callao Bay, Peru ](Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018)A hematological and blood biochemical evaluation was performed on 10 species of marine fish in the bay of Callao, Peru, in the four seasons of the year and in four sampling areas with different degrees of anthropic disturbance. The species of fish were: «lorna» Sciaena deliciosa (Tschudi, 1846) (Sciaenidae), «lisa» Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mugilidae), «pejerrey» Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821) (Atherinidae), «pintadilla» Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Cheilodactylidae), «tramboyo» Labrisomus philippii (Steindachner, 1866) (Labrisomidae), «borrachito» Scartichthys gigas Steindachner, 1876 (Blenniidae), «mojarrilla» Stellifer minor (Tschudi, 1846) (Sciaenidae), «machete» Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847) (Clupeidae), «cavinza» Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830) (Haemulidae) and «chiri» Stromateus stellatus Cuvier, 1829 (Stromateidae). The values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and triglycerides were significantly higher in E. maculatum, S. minor and I. conceptionis. In S. deliciosa only hemoglobin was higher, and in I. conceptionis only for cholesterol. The leukocyte hematological parameters (lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils) and the HDL showed no variations between species, between seasons or between sampling areas. Hemoglobin and cholesterol were higher for S. deliciosa and hematocrit and cholesterol for M. cephalus and O. regia in the Callao pier area. For M. cephalus higher values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and cholesterol were noted in spring, and cholesterol levels were lower in the summer for M. cephalus and for O. regia. © 2018 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. All Rights Reserved.Ítem Solo Metadatos Global research in arthroscopy of the anterior cruciate ligament: a bibliometric and visualized study(Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., 2022)Purpose: To carry out a bibliometric analysis of the scientific articles that address the topic of arthroscopy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Methods: A bibliographic search of the original articles published in orthopedics journals indexed in the Web of Science database until 2020 was carried out. Evaluation of compliance with the inclusion criteria was carried out in the Rayyan web application. The Bibliometrix package in the R programming language and VOSviewer were used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Results: 2249 articles published in 87 journals were included. The first publication on the subject was in 1980, and the highest number of publications was registered in 2020 (151) (annual percentage growth rate of 5.7). Fu FH was the author with the highest number of published articles, and the institutional affiliation with the highest number of original articles was the University of Pittsburgh. The most cited article was the study by Peterson et al. (2000) and the journal with the highest number of publications was Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic and related surgery. United States had the highest frequency of publications and the highest number of total citations received by country. It was found on the network that the largest number of published studies had keywords such as: injuries and follow-up, whereas, in the most recent articles, the most common terms were risk-factors and outcomes. Conclusions: There is a sustained increase in scientific production on ACL arthroscopy among the world scientific community. Our results can be used for collaborative research purposes and by professionals seeking training in this topic. © 2022 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education FoundationÍtem Solo Metadatos Geographic study of mortality due to mesothelioma in Peru and its evolution(Elsevier Ltd, 2020)Background: Peru has a public health problem because of asbestos imports. We analyzed the mortality trends for mesothelioma in Peru and its provinces from 2005 to 2014 and estimated their relationship with the amount of asbestos imported previously. Methods: We computed age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 population (direct method and SEGI world standard population reference), and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The relationship between the amount of asbestos imported annually along the period 1965–2010 and the number of mesothelioma deaths per year from 2005 to 2014 was estimated by log-linear Poisson regression models and Pearson correlation calculations. Results: After correcting the number of deaths, Peru registered 428 cases (or 430 when corrected cases are rounded by sex) between 2005 and 2014. The highest ASMRs were in Arequipa and Callao (range: 0.40−0.41/100,000 population), followed by Huancavelica (0.36/100,000 population). This translates into approximately one death per each 68–111 of asbestos tons imported. The latency period for the higher level of positive correlation found was 8 years (r = 0.8). Male female sex ratio was lower in provinces such as Junin and Hunacavelica with geological asbestos risk. Conclusions: Two patterns of mesothelioma risk have been detected, occupational and environmental. During the 2002–2006 years, Peru increased the asbestos use. If crocidolite imports were also increased, this could be behind the 8 years latency period detected. Peru should boost strategies towards the total ban of all forms of asbestos. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÍtem Solo Metadatos Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in cesarean birth rates in Peru: a comparison between 2009 and 2018(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022)Background: There is a global concern about the high rates of cesarean birth (CB). This study aimed to investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in CB rates in the Peruvian population. Methods: We conducted a population-based study using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Surveys (ENDES, the Spanish acronym for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) between 2009 and 2018. ENDES reported data from births registered in the five years preceding survey execution. For the years 2009 (n = 10 289) and 2018 (n = 23 077), we calculated the weighted rates of CB among variables such as natural geographic domain (Coast, Andean, or Amazon), area of residence (rural or urban), wealth index quintile (quintile 1 is poorest, and quintile 5 is richest), and educational level. To assess inequalities, we calculated the concentration index (CIs), the slope index of inequality (SII), and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results: The CB rates by year were 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.0-22.9) in 2009 and 34.5% (95% CI: 33.4-35.5) in 2018. Women living in urban and coastal regions and with a higher education level had the highest CB rates. All the CIs were positive, reflecting a prowealthy inequality in CB rates, and both SII and RII were positive, indicating a gap between the use of cesarean in women in the higher wealth quintile compared with those in the lower quintile. Conclusions: Cesarean birth rates have increased by 60% during the last decade in Peru. The richest wealth quintiles had the highest CB rates during the study years, which were well above global recommendations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Ítem Solo Metadatos Gaps in COPD guidelines of low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review(Elsevier Inc., 2021)Background: Guidelines are critical for facilitating cost-effective COPD care. Development and implementation in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenging. To guide future strategy, an overview of current global COPD guidelines is required. Research Question: We systematically reviewed national COPD guidelines, focusing on worldwide availability and identification of potential development, content, context, and quality gaps that may hamper effective implementation. Study Design and Methods: Scoping review of national COPD management guidelines. We assessed: (1) global guideline coverage; (2) guideline information (authors, target audience, dissemination plans); (3) content (prevention, diagnosis, treatments); (4) ethical, legal, and socio-economic aspects; and (5) compliance with the eight Institute of Medicine (IOM) guideline standards. LMICs guidelines were compared with those from high-income countries (HICs). Results: Of the 61 national COPD guidelines identified, 30 were from LMICs. Guidelines did not cover 1.93 billion (30.2%) people living in LMICs, whereas only 0.02 billion (1.9%) in HICs were without national guidelines. Compared with HICs, LMIC guidelines targeted fewer health-care professional groups and less often addressed case finding and co-morbidities. More than 90% of all guidelines included smoking cessation advice. Air pollution reduction strategies were less frequently mentioned in both LMICs (47%) and HICs (42%). LMIC guidelines fulfilled on average 3.37 (42%) of IOM standards, compared with 5.29 (66%) in HICs (P < .05). LMICs scored significantly lower compared with HICs regarding conflicts of interest management, updates, articulation of recommendations, and funding transparency (all, P < .05). Interpretation: Several development, content, context, and quality gaps exist in COPD guidelines from LMICs that may hamper effective implementation. Overall, COPD guidelines in LMICs should be more widely available and should be transparently developed and updated. Guidelines may be further enhanced by better inclusion of local risk factors, case findings, and co-morbidity management, preferably tailored to available financial and staff resources. © 2020 The AuthorsÍtem Solo Metadatos Genetics and genomics in Peru: clinical and research perspective(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018)Ítem Solo Metadatos Gender differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms during the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Latin America and the Caribbean(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022)Background: Previous studies have suggested that the pandemic impact on mental health could vary according to gender. We aimed to evaluate the gender influence in the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries in the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis employing the Facebook–COVID-19 Symptom Survey developed by the University of Maryland. We categorized gender as men, women, and non-binary. The outcomes were the presence of anxiety or depressive symptoms, measured with two adapted questions extracted from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We used generalized linear models from the Poisson family, considering the survey's complex sampling. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and explored interactions with gender using the adjusted Wald test. Results: We included 1,338,320 adults from LAC countries; 48.0, 50.6, and 1.4% were men, women, and non-binary participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of anxiety or depressive symptoms was 44.8 and 46.6%, respectively. We found interactions between gender and the rest of the independent variables. In the non-binary group, the association between age and anxiety symptomatology was lost after an age of 55 years. Furthermore, whereas living in a town was associated with a lower prevalence of anxiety and depression symptomatology in men and women, this did not happen among non-binary individuals. Compliance with physical distancing was associated with a lower prevalence of anxiety and depression symptomatology among women (anxiety: PRa = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97–0.99; p < 0.001, depression: PRa = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.95–0.97; p < 0.001) and only anxiety in non-binary participants (anxiety: PRa = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.88–0.98; p = 0.005). This was not evidenced among men participants (anxiety: PRa = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.96–1.01; p = 0.199, depression: PRa = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96–1.00; p = 0.084). In addition, compliance with handwashing was associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptomatology among men (PRa = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.05–1.11; p < 0.001) and women participants (PRa = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01–1.05; p = 0.016). Conclusion: Approximately 4 out of 10 participants had anxiety or depressive symptoms. Women and non-binary gender people had more symptoms of anxiety or depression. The factors associated with these symptoms varied according to gender. It is essential to evaluate gender-related strategies to improve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Herrera-Añazco, Urrunaga-Pastor, Benites-Zapata, Bendezu-Quispe, Toro-Huamanchumo and Hernandez.Ítem Solo Metadatos Genetic study with autosomal STR markers in people of the Peruvian jungle for human identification purposes(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021)In the present study allele frequencies and other population parameters were determined for forensically-relevant Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers in 278 Peruvians born and resident in the Peruvian jungle in total and separated into the subpopulations Amazonas, Loreto, and Madre de Dios. The samples were analyzed using the VeriFilerTM Express kit which enables typing of 23 STR loci and an amelogenin marker for sex determination. The parameters assessed and reported herein were allele frequencies, the power of discrimination (PD), departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and estimates of the population distances. Under the assumption of independence, when comparing the population of the Peruvian jungle with a Peruvian mestizo population, Aymara population of Peru, Ashaninca of Peru, Hispanic Americans, and a Bolivia mestizo population, the largest genetic distance (Fst) was with the Hispanic population (Fst = 0.0343), and the smallest was with the Peruvian mestizo population (Fst = 0.0126). The jungle subpopulation showed greater distances in some comparisons. This study provides population data from a unique population residing in the Peruvian jungle which could be used to estimate various statistics of forensic interest for human identification. © 2021 Canadian Society of Forensic Science.Ítem Solo Metadatos Gender differences in the factors associated with alcohol binge drinking: a population-based analysis in a Latin American country(MDPI, 2022)Alcohol consumption is a public health problem in Peru, fostered by traditional practices, where promoting social interaction in celebrations, facilitating field work as a source of energy and warmth, and achieving objectives in certain labor negotiations, play an important role. However, research on the risk factors of binge drinking according to gender is limited. The study aim was to determine the factors associated with binge drinking in the Peruvian adult population by gender. An analytical study of secondary data from the 2018 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey was conducted. The dependent variable was binge drinking in the last 30 days. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated for the association between sociodemographic and health-related variables with binge drinking. A total of 32,020 adults were included. Binge drinking was found in 22.4%. Men (32.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.4–33.8) presented a higher consumption pattern compared to women (12.8%; 95% CI: 12.0–13.6). For both genders, differences were found in binge drinking according to sociodemographic characteristics (age and wealth quintile was associated in both genders while the educational level was associated only for men, and ethnic self-identification and marital status for women) and health-characteristics related (health insurance, smoking in the last 30 days, overweight and obesity were associated in both genders). Several factors are associated with binge drinking according to gender in the Peruvian population, including age and education level among men, as well as marital status and ethnic self-identification among women. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Ítem Solo Metadatos Gait speed as a predictor of mortality in older men with cancer: a longitudinal study in Peru(Elsevier Ltd, 2022)Background: Given the increase in incidence and mortality from cancer in recent years in Latin America and Peru, it is necessary to identify frailty older adults at higher risk of disability, hospitalizations and mortality. However, its measure is complex and requires time. For this reason, it has been proposed that frailty can be evaluated by a single measure, as gait speed. We aimed to evaluate the role of gait speed as a predictor of mortality in older men with cancer in Peru. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that included military veterans (aged 60 years and older) with an oncological diagnosis evaluated at the Centro Médico Naval in Peru during the period 2013–2015. Slow gait speed was defined as <0.8 m/s. All-cause mortality was recorded during a 2-year follow-up. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical and personal history, and functional assessment measures were collected. We performed Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: 922 older men were analyzed from 2013 to 2015, 56.9% (n = 525) of whom were >70 years of age. 41.3% (n = 381) had slow gait speed with a mortality incidence of 22.9% (n = 211) at the end of follow-up. The most frequent types of cancer in the participants who died were of the lung and airways (26.1%), liver and bile ducts (23.2%), and lymphomas and leukemias (16.6%). In the adjusted Cox regression analysis, we found that slow gait speed was a risk factor for mortality in older men with cancer (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–2.23). Conclusions: Slow gait speed was associated with an increased risk of mortality in older men with cancer. Gait speed could represent a simple, useful, inexpensive, rapidly applicable marker of frailty for the identification of older men at higher risk of mortality. Gait speed could be useful in low- and middle-income countries, and in rural areas with limited access to health services. © 2022 The Author(s)