Articulos Institucionales de Impacto
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Examinando Articulos Institucionales de Impacto por Materia "Arts and Humanities"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto How altitude above sea level affects intelligence(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) León, F.R.; Avilés, E.The influence of altitude above sea level on intelligence has received only tangential attention in the literature despite that, firstly, the scarcity of oxygen occurring at high altitude impairs cognitive functioning; second, UV radiation, which is stronger at high altitude, is theorized to negatively affect intelligence; and third, the rugged terrain of high altitudes has negative effects on economic activity, which in turn affects cognitive development. This study evaluated the three potential causes using Math and Reading scores from a national census of schools that targeted children of approximately eight years of age in their 2nd year of instruction in Peru. It was limited to the 5° to 13° S latitudinal segment (N = 1073 districts). The Western and Eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains and altitudes below and above 2300 m were compared. The evidence indicates that oxygen deprivation does not explain observed negative effects of altitude on intelligence. Differences in intelligence along altitude and between Western and Eastern regions are attributable to UV radiation and the economic impacts of ruggedness. Sexual attitudes and infectious diseases in the lower Amazon region may account for an observed altitude x region interaction. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.Ítem Acceso Abierto Julio Tello as a medical anthropologist: assessing the antiquity of syphilis in ancient Peru [Julio Tello como antropólogo médico: examinando la antigüedad de la sífilis en el antiguo Perú](Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, 2018) Mesía-Montenegro, C.This paper explores the methods used by Julio Tello to address the antiquity of syphilis in ancient Peru, examining his thesis La antigüedad de la sífilis en el antiguo Perú to understand the logic behind the procedures he used to test his hypothesis. The contention presented here is that despite being a medical thesis, his text can actually be considered an exploration of the origins of syphilis using a truly anthropological method, making Tello a pioneer in the subfield of medical anthropology in the Andes. © 2018, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. All rights reserved.Ítem Acceso Abierto Race vis-à-vis latitude: their influence on intelligence, infectious diseases, and income(Scott - Townsend Publishers, 2016) León, F.R.Fuerst and Kirkegaard (this issue) showed in various American countries that European ancestry positively determines cognitive ability and socioeconomic outcomes regardless of the effects of infectious diseases and other variables. In this paper I show that this is not the case in the United States of America when saturated path analysis models which minimize multicollinearity are applied to state data. It is latitude which positively determines cognitive ability and this in turn positively determines income per capita regardless of race and infectious disease rate. U.S. Census self-classification as White has non-significant effects on cognitive ability and has negative effects on income per capita among U.S. states once relevant variables are controlled. Similar results are obtained when the Eugenomic variable of Fuerst and Kirkegaard is targeted in the path analyses. Thus, the evidence does not uphold their conclusion that European ancestry explains differences in cognitive ability among U.S. states.