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Ćtem Acceso Abierto Ćtem Acceso Abierto Total nutritional therapy: a nutrition education program for physicians(2004) Waitzberg, D.L.; Correia, M.I.; Echenique, M.; Ize-Lamache, L.; Kehr Soto, J.; Mijares, J.M.; Nin Ćlvarez, L.A.; De Paula, J.A.; Rugeles, S.; Santillana Cantella, M.; Savino Lloreda, P.; EscallĆ³n, J.M.Objective: Almost half of all hospitalized patients are malnourished with low physician awareness or implementation of nutrition support1. To address this problem, a 2-day immersion course in clinical nutrition for physicians was developed by the Latin American Federation of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (FELANPE) with support from Abbott Laboratories. The goal of Total Nutritional Therapy (TNT) is to help physicians utilize this nutrition knowledge to increase their awareness of malnutrition and implementation of nutritional therapy. Since 1997, over 8,000 physicians have completed the TNT course in 16 Latin American countries. Research Methods & Procedures: During 1999 and 2000, 675 participants responded to a survey 6 months after having completed the TNT course to determine what impact the course had on the use of nutrition assessment, nutrition support teams, or nutrition consultations in their clinical practice, and if they had participated in any nutrition association or conferences. Results: The majority of physicians who completed the survey increased their use of nutrition assessment and time dedicated to nutrition therapy, and increased the number of their patients placed on nutrition therapy. Conclusions: The TNT course has been shown to be an efficient model of clinical nutrition education for general physicians. The course should be considered as part of the training of medical residents.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Chemical composition and biotechnological properties of a polysaccharide from the peels and antioxidative content from the pulp of Passiflora liguralis fruits(2007) Tommonaro, G.; Segura RodrĆguez, C.S.; Santillana, M.; Immirzi, B.; De Prisco, R.; Nicolaus, B.; Poli, A.A new polysaccharide with a high molecular weight (greater than 1 Ć 106 Da) was extracted and characterized from the peels of Passiflora liguralis (granadilla) fruits. Chemical composition of the biopolymer, performed by using a high pressure anion exchange-pulsed amperometric detector (HPAE-PAD), showed the presence of six different sugar residues: xylose, glucose, galactose, galactosamine, an unknown component, and fucose in the relative ratio of 1:0.5:0.2:0.06:0.05:trace. The optical rotation of this xyloglucan was [Ī±]D 25Ā°C = -186.42 (concentration of 1.4 mg/mL of H2O), and the viscosity was dependent on the concentration and pH, showing a maximum value of 1.4 Ī· at a concentration of 3% in distilled water and a maximum value of 7.0 Ī· in citrate buffer solution. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that this biopolymer was very stable at high temperatures, showing a degradation temperature at 280Ā°C. The characterization of the polysaccharide was also investigated by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR and IR) pointing out the complexity of this biopolymer and the presence of sugar residues in Ī±-manno, Ī±-gluco-galacto, and Ī²-gluco-galacto configurations. The formation of a biodegradable film using this novel xyloglucan was reported, and the anticytotoxic activity of the polysaccharide was studied in a brine shrimp bioassay. Considerable antioxidant activity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 0.32 Ī¼M/mg fresh product) was noted in the lipophilic extracts of Passiflora liguralis fruits, indicating, in this fruit, an alternative source of bioactive compounds. Ā© 2007 American Chemical Society.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Confiabilidad de la prueba de habilidad intelectual DAP:IQ [Reliability of intellectual ability test, DAP: IQ](2011) Mendoza L.H.; Soto, C.M.The reliability of the scores of Draw-A-Person Intellectual Ability Test for Children, Adolescents and Adults, DAP: IQ is examined with a sample of 155 children aged 6 to 11 years. Alpha coefficients were obtained from 0.63 to 0.74, the average alpha for the total sample was 0.68; It also was the difference in alpha coefficients confirmed that the low reliability of all our data with regard to the normative study. The agreement interscorer was 0.91. The results were not consistent with those reported by the authors of the test. We suggest a cautious use of this instrument for the assessment of groups with similar characteristics.Ćtem Acceso Abierto ParĆ”metros hematolĆ³gicos del "guacamayo cabeza azul" Primolius couloni L. (Psittacidae) en cautiverio [Hematological parameters of blue-headed macaw Primolius couloni L. (Psittacidae) in captivity](2011) Solari, G.; TribeƱo, D.; Navarro, Z.; Alvis, R.; Pino, J.The Blue-headed macaw (Primolius couloni) is considered a New World endangered parrot. Blood samples were collected from 13 captive blue-headed macaws (7 male, 6 female) housed in the Las Leyendas Zoological Park in Lima, Peru to establish hematologic reference values. Mean values for erythrocytes and leukocytes were 2608 Ć 10 3/ml and 10.11 Ć 10 3/ml respectively; hematocrit was 50.15% and mean corpuscular volume was 200 fl. The differential leukocyte count showed 64.7 and 25.3% of heterophils and leukocytes respectively. The largest and smallest diameter of erythrocytes was 11.3 and 7.0 Ī¼m respectively. Baseline hematologic ranges were established and can be used as reference values for this species.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Oferta y demanda de mĆ©dicos especialistas en los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud: brechas a nivel nacional, por regiones y tipo de especialidad [Supply and demand of medical specialists in the health facilities of the Ministry of Health: national, regional and by type of specialty gaps](Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2011) Zevallos, L.; Pastor, R.; Moscoso, B.Objectives. To characterize the supply, demand and the gap of medical specialists in facilities of the Ministry of Health of Peru (MINSA) at the national, regional and specialty type levels. Materials and methods. Observational, descriptive study through which we calculated the supply of medical specialists using secondary sources of MINSA. The analysis of the demand for medical specialists was based on two methodologies: the need for specialists according to the guidelines of classification of the health facilities and according to the epidemiological and demographic profile. The arithmetic difference between the estimated demand and the supply was the procedure used to calculate the gap of medical specialists. Results. The Ministry of Health has a total supply at the national level of 6,074 medical specialists of which 61.5% belong to the clinical specialties, 33.2% to the surgical specialties, 4.9% specialities related to aid to diagnosis and treatment and 0.4% to public health specialties. According to the categorization guideline there is a total demand of 11,176 medical specialists and according to the epidemiological and demographic profile of 11,738. The national estimated gaps found are similar in both methods, although they differ widely across regions and by type of specialty. At the regional level, the gaps are greater in Loreto, Piura, Puno and Madre de Dios when estimating the defficit in relation to the supply. Regarding the speciality, the gap is greater in the four basic specialties: gynecology and obstetrics, pediatrics, internal medicine and general surgery. Conclusions. There is a waid gap between supply and demand of medical specialists at the national and regional levels, as a whole representing approximately 45% of the current offer, regardless of the estimation method.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Presencia de hepatozoon caimani (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) en el "caimĆ”n blanco" caiman crocodilus (linneus 1758) en un ZoolĆ³gico de Lima, PerĆŗ [Presence of hepatozoon caimani (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) in the "spectacled caiman" caiman crocodilus (linneus 1758) in a Zoo of Lima, Peru](2011) Rojas, G.; Alvis, R.; Pino, J.; Shiga, B.The presence of Hepatozoon caimani in a population of Caiman crocodilus in a zoo located in Lima, Peru was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 10 specimens of both sexes and various ages. The animals were clinically healthy and kept in captivity at the "Parque ZoolĆ³gico de Huachipa". Three blood smears were prepared per animal and stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa 2%. Intraerythrocitic haemoparasites of the genus Hepatozoon were identified and due to the morphological aspect they were considered to be H. caimani.Ćtem Acceso Abierto O regime hidrolĆ³gico do rio ivinhema (Estado do mato grosso do sul) e sua influĆŖncia na assemblĆ©ia zoobentĆ“nica [Hydrologic regime of the Ivinhema river (Mato Grosso do Sul, State) and its influence on zoobenthic assemblage](2012) Arenas-Ibarra, J.A.; Takeda, A.M.; Fujita, D.S.This study was developed in different environments of the Ivinhema river floodplain in order to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of benthic assemblages and their relationship with physical and chemical variables and water level. Samples were taken quarterly between February and November 2002 in four environments: Ivinhema main channel, IpoitĆ£ channel, Patos lake (with direct connectivity) and Ventura lake (without connectivity). The system was characterized by a bimodal potamophase cycle with moderate intensities and large amplitudes, remaining in potamophase for 184 days in 2001 and 67 days in 2002. Physical and chemical parameters, summarized in a PCA, showed spatial and temporal variation. Moderate intensity and great width pulses were recorded. Physicochemical variables changed spatially and temporally. Nematoda, Corbiculidae, Oligochaeta, Acari, Ostracoda and Chironomidae were the most abundant taxa registered and the larvae of Chironomidae were the most predominant in the Ivinhema main channel, IpoitĆ£ channel and Ventura lake. Total density changed between months, but the analysis of the structure of the assembly (CA) showed that the benthic assembly of the Ivinhema main channel is dissimilar to the ponds. The relationship between PCA and CA was not significant, indicating that the Ivinhema system had a complex structure and that the spatial uniformity of density and temporal uniformity of benthic assemblage is due to the greater connectivity between the sites.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Forma breve del SPSI-R: anĆ”lisis preliminar de su validez interna y confiabilidad [SPSI-R, short form: preliminary analysis of internal validity and reliablity](2012) Merino, C.This research report a preliminary analysis of the internal validity of the short form of the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised in a sample of 366 university students from a private university in Lima, Peru. It was compared the correlations short-long form and the coefficients of internal consistency with established theoretical estimates as a baseline; additionally, the correlations were corrected for correlated errors. After of apply the adjustments to the observed coefficients, the results indicate high shared variance on the subscales and acceptable reliability coefficients, except for Positive Orientation to Problems score. The psychometric support is acceptable, but it is requested an ongoing research for get reliability and validity evidences.Ćtem Acceso Abierto F. Oliver Brachfeld y Werner Wolff: dos figuras en los inicios de la Sociedad Interamericana de PsicologĆa [F. Oliver Brachfeld and Werner Wolff: two forgotten personalities in the beginnings of the Interamerican Society of Psychology](2012) LeĆ³n, R.F. Oliver Brachfeld (1908-1967) and Werner Wolff (1904-1957), two European psychologists emigrated to South America (F. O. B.) and United States (W. W.), had an important role in the beginnings of the Sociedad Interamericana de PsicologĆa (SIP): Brachfeld was its President between 1953 and 1955, and Wolff was one of the initiators of the SIP (with Oswaldo Robles, Guillermo DĆ”vila and Rogelio DĆaz-Guerrero) and its first Vicepresident (1951-1953) and General Secretary until his premature death in 1957. Despite their important role in the SIP and their books, Brachfeld and Wolff are at the present two forgotten figures of the psychology in Latin America. In this communication the author deals on their live and discuss their contributions to psychology and the reasons for which they are neglected today.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Association among stress, salivary cortisol levels, and chronic periodontitis(2013) Refulio, Z.; Rocafuerte, M.; de la Rosa, M.; Mendoza, G.; Chambrone, L.Purpose: Chronic periodontitis (CP) seems to be associated with stress and depression, but little information on this possible association is available in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association among stress, the salivary cortisol level (SCL), and CP. Methods: Seventy systemically healthy subjects were included in the study from January to September 2011. Full medical and dental histories were obtained, and the following measurements were recorded: 1) probing depth; 2) clinical attachment level; 3) bleeding on probing; and 4) tooth mobility. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of SCL (via a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), and all subjects also answered a questionnaire (i.e., the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and one way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer method were performed. Results: A total of 36 subjects with CP (51.4%) and 34 without CP were evaluated. Of them, all of the subjects with CP and one periodontally healthy subject were diagnosed with depression. Subjects with moderate CP had statistically significantly higher levels of SCL than subjects with a diagnosis of slight CP (P=0.006). Also, subjects with severe CP showed the same outcome when compared to those with slight CP (P=0.012). In addition, 46 subjects presented high SCL whereas 24 had a normal level. CP was found to be correlated with the SCL, with an OR of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.43 to 12.01). Conclusions: Subjects with a high SCL and depression may show an increased risk for CP. Ā© 2013 Korean Academy of Periodontology.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Autotrophic and heterotrophic responses of the coral Porites lutea to large amplitude internal waves(2013) Pacherres, C.O.; Schmidt, G.M.; Richter, C.Large amplitude internal waves (LAIW) cause frequent and severe changes in the physico-chemical environment of Andaman Sea coral reefs and are a potentially important source of disturbance for corals. To explore the coral response to LAIW, prey capture disposition and photosynthesis were investigated in relation to changes in seawater temperature, pH, flow speed and food availability in LAIW simulation studies under controlled laboratory conditions, using Porites lutea as a model organism. Although food presence stimulated polyp expansion, we found an overriding effect of low temperature (19 Ā°) causing retraction of the coral polyps into their calices, particularly when pH was altered concomitantly. Decreases in pH alone, however, caused the expansion of the polyps. The exposure history of the colonies played a crucial role in coral responses: prior field exposure to LAIW yielded lower retraction levels than in LAIW-inexperienced corals, suggesting acclimatization. Low temperature (19Ā°) exposure did not seem to influence the photosynthetic performance, but LAIW-experienced corals showed higher values of maximum dark-adapted quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II than LAIW-inexperienced controls. Collectively, these data suggest that P. lutea, the dominant hermatypic coral in the Andaman Sea, can acclimatize to extreme changes in its abiotic environment by modulating its mixotrophic nutrition, through polyp expansion and potential feeding, as well as its photosynthetic efficiency. Ā© 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Contaminants in tracked seabirds showing regional patterns of marine pollution(2013) Ito, A.; Yamashita, R.; Takada, H.; Yamamoto, T.; Shiomi, K.; Zavalaga, C.; Abe T.; Watanabe S.; Yamamoto, M.; Sato K.; Kohno H.; Yoda, K.; Iida T.; Watanuki Y.Ocean-scale monitoring of pollution is challenging. Seabirds are useful indicators because they travel over a broad foraging range. Nevertheless, this coarse spatial resolution is not fine enough to discriminate pollution in a finer scale. Previous studies have demonstrated that pollution levels are higher in the Sea of Japan and South and East China Seas than the Northen Pacific Ocean. To test these findings in a wide-ranging animal, we tracked streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) from four islands in Japan using global positioning system (GPS) and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the oil of their preen glands. The POPs did not change during 6 to 21 days when birds from Awashima were foraging only in the Sea of Japan, while it increased when they crossed to the Pacific through the Tsugaru Strait and foraged along the eastern coast of Hokkaido where industrial cities occur. These results indicate that POPs in the oil reflect relatively short-term exposure. Concentrations of POPs displayed greater variation among regions. Total polychlorinated biphenyls were highest in birds foraging in a small area of the semiclosed Seto Inland Sea surrounded by urbanized coast, p,pā³- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was highest in birds foraging in the East China Sea, and total hexachlorocyclohexanes were highest in birds foraging in the Sea of Japan. All were lowest in birds foraging in the Pacific. This distribution of POPs concentration partly agrees with previous findings based on mussels, fish, and seawater and possibly reflects the mobility and emission sources of each type of POP. These results highlight the importance of information on the foraging area of highly mobile top predators to make them more effective monitors of regional marine pollution. Ā© 2013 American Chemical Society.Ćtem Acceso Abierto Global kidney disease(2013) Herrera-Anazco, P.; Mezones-HolguĆn, E.; Hernandez, A.V.[No abstract available]Ćtem Acceso Abierto Is there an effective treatment for late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus?(2013) Ugarte-Gil, M.F.; AlarcĆ³n, G.S.Over the past 60 years, overall mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus patients has dramatically decreased, but late mortality, which relates to the damage caused by the disease, its treatments and/or evolving comorbidities, is still high. This is particularly true in patients with late-onset lupus, a special subgroup of patients who, despite not having very active disease, experience a larger number of comorbidities, and higher damage accrual and mortality rates than early-onset patients. Treating these late-onset patients can be more difficult due to the risk of drug-drug interactions and aging-related processes. Antimalarials should be used whenever possible, and glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs must used be carefully, especially in this population. NSAIDs should be avoided if possible. Adequate treatment of comorbidities should improve these patients' prognoses. Ā© 2013 Future Medicine Ltd.Ćtem Acceso Abierto New leishmanicidal stilbenes from a peruvian folk medicine, Lonchocarpus nicou(2013) Fuchino, H.; Kiuchi, F.; Yamanaka, A.; Obu, A.; Wada, H.; Mori-Yasumoto, K.; Kawahara, N.; Flores, D.; Palacios, O.; Sekita, S.; Satake, M.Two new stilbenes, 1 and 2, were isolated as leishmanicidal constituents from the methanolic extract of Lonchocarpus nicou leaves and stem, together with five known stilbenes and rotenoids. Their chemical structures were determined by spectral methods. Among them, the cis stilbene-type compounds 1 and 4 showed potent leishmanicidal activity (IC50: 5.5, 3.9Ī¼g/mL), while the trans stilbene-type compounds 2 and 5, and rotenoids 6 and 7, showed moderate activities (IC50: 9.9, 12.8, 22.6, 19.6Ī¼g/mL, respectively). Ā© 2013 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.Ćtem Acceso Abierto REDD+ en LatinoamĆ©rica: el caso de PerĆŗ [REDD+ in Latin America: the case of Peru](2013) Ladd, B.; Peri, P.L.The question of how developing countries like Peru can participate effectively in the REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) policy initiative of the United Nations has been the focus of considerable debate recently. The aim of this study was to detect the main challenges associated with monitoring deforestation and forest degradation and also to analyze the policy challenges associated with implementing REDD in Peru. To participate effectively in this process, it is essential that the Peruvian national government formulates a national response since it is unlikely that provincial agencies managing natural resources will be able to develop the necessary expertise to carry out effective monitoring, reporting and verification, and because the underlying factors driving deforestation will require a large investment and a coordinated response at the country level.Ćtem Acceso Abierto AproximaciĆ³n a los niveles de anemia en poblaciĆ³n pediĆ”trica de una zona urbano-marginal del Callao, PerĆŗ [Approach to the status of anemia in a pediatric population from a periurban zone of Callao, Peru](Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2013) Contreras-Pulache, H.; Mori-Quispe, E.; Urrutia-Aliano, D.; Huapaya-Huertas, O.; Diestra-Ponte, J.[No abstract available]Ćtem Acceso Abierto CaracterĆsticas de la violencia durante el embarazo en adolescentes de Lima, PerĆŗ [Characteristics of violence during teenage pregnancy in Lima, Peru](Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2013) Contreras-Pulache, H.; Mori-Quispe, E.; Hinostroza-Camposano, W.D.; Yancachajlla-Apaza, M.; Lam-Figueroa, N.; ChacĆ³n-Torrico, H.Objectives. To determine the characteristics of violence seen in pregnant teenagers who were treated at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out by INMP between January and March, 2010 using a probabilistic and systematic sampling. The study unit comprises every hospitalized teenager who had just given birth and who lived in Lima. A semi-structured interview was conducted. History of violence was operationalized into: verbal violence (insults, ridicule, and humiliation), physical violence (arm pulling, hair pulling, pushes), direct aggression (slaps, kicking, burns) and sexual violence (sexual intercourse without consent). Results. 292 teenage mothers aged 16,5 Ā± 1 in average took part in the study. 47.9% lived with their partners and 51.4% were single. In 97.3% of the cases, they got pregnant as a result of a conserted sexual relationship, while 2.7% got pregnant as a result of rape. 90.1% of teenage mothers reported not having planned the pregnancy. Conserning history of violence: 48.1% had had verbal violence, 17.1% physical violence, 8.2% direct aggression and 6.8% sexual violence. Conclusions. Violence during teenage pregnancy is not an isolated event; actually, it is rather common in any of its forms.Ćtem Acceso Abierto CaracterĆsticas clĆnicas e histolĆ³gicas de la glomerulonefritis rĆ”pidamente progresiva en pacientes atendidos en un hospital general [Clinical and histological characteristics of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in patients treated at a general hospital](Asociacion Regional de Dialisi y Transplantes Renales, 2013) Rivas, F.S.; AƱazco, P.H.; GuillĆ©n, A.P.; Higa, C.A.; ArĆ©stegui, A.H.Objectives: Assessing the clinical and histological characteristics of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) treated at a gene ral hospital. Methods: The kidney biopsies conducted at Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza between 1998 and 2008 were evaluated. RPGN was histologically determined when the biopsy had more than 50% of epithelial crescents. The following information was recorded: age, gender, kidney syndrome present (kidney fai- lure, nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension); immune parameters (antinuclear antibodies, anti DNA antibodies, ANCA, complement 3, anti GBM antibodies and ESR) and histological parameters (epithelial or fibroepithelial crescent percentage, interstitial infiltrates and tubular atrophy). In order to describe the results, measures of central tendency and standard deviation were used. Results: RPGN accounted for 2.72% of kidney biopsies. The average age was 33.77Ā±11.7years. The ave rage creatinine at entry was 4.5 Ā± 4.8 (0.5 - 26.0)mg/dl. There was a 59.3% of patients with HTN; 48.1% had nephrotic syndrome and 48.1% had nephritic syndrome. There was a 52.7% of ANCA-positive cases, and 60% experienced C3 decrease. The crescent percentage was 71.2%. The interstitial infiltrate and the tubular atrophy were mild in 63 and 74% of the patients, respectively. The most frequent causes for RPGN were systemic lupus erythematosus (44.4%) and vasculitis (37%). Average length of stay in hospital was 30 days. A 51.8% of the patients required hemodialysis and 33% continued with hemodialysis upon discharge. Conclusions: RPGN is a rare disease at our hospital, and the most frequent cause for it was SLE.