Examinando por Autor "Otzen, T."

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    Alteraciones motoras esofágicas en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren. Estudio de casos y controles [Esophageal motility disorders in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Study of cases and controls]
    (Universidad de la Frontera, 2016) Manterola, C.; Otzen, T.; Grupo MINCIR
    Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (PSS), affects various systems such as the digestive; highlighting the dif ficulty swallowing food bolus. The objective of this study is to describe the function and in patients with esophageal motility PSS compare them to healthy subjects. Case studies and tests conducted at the clinica MayorTemuco (2004-2009). PSS patients with permanent dysphagia, regardless of age or sex (cases) were studied and digestive asymptomatic subjects (controls); matched for age and sex.We studied these with stationary esophageal manometry. Resting pressure (RP) and length (L) of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and upper (UES) was determined; amplitude (A) and duration (D) of the peristaltic waves triggered with dry and wet swallows in the three thirds of the esophageal body (S, M and I), and appearance of tertiary waves (TW). A sample of 20 cases and 40 controls were estimated. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi2 or Fisher’s exact was applied for categorical variables; and t-test for continuous variables.The PREEI was lower in cases (11.8±0.7 mmHg vs. 14.8±0.5 mmHg respectively). Statistically significant diferences in the AS, DM, DI and TW were verified after dry swallows; and inAS, AM, AI, DM, DI and TW after wet swallows. There were no changes in Prees or LEES between cases and controls. Lower esophageal motor disorders was checked in patients with PSS RPEEI, for a control group. © 2016, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
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    Diseño, construcción y validación inicial de un instrumento de medición para la evaluación de resúmenes para presentaciones en congresos [Assessment of summaries presented in congresses. Study of validation]
    (Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile, 2016) Manterola, C.; Otzen, T.
    Objective: The aim of this article is to present the new instrument for evaluating congress abstracts of SCCh, in use from 2014, so as to standardize its application item by item. Material and method: Two-stage study with qualitative methodology for generating items and construction of the measuring instrument. In the first stage a collection of items was based on a review of the literature. In the second, the instrument was built by applying reduction items through a panel of experts. Thus, content validity was determined. The expert panel consisted of 6 members. Three clinical epidemiologists and three members of the SCCh. All with Master’s degree or PhD and research experience. Qualitative strategy is applied by Delphi technique; after the draft was presented to a panel of experts other than the above, at a meeting of ad-hoc working group, organized by the SCCh; at which time the proposal was discussed, the wording of items and domains was refined based on examples and the final instrument defined. Results: The items generated in the first stage (n = 15), who finished with the second draft; were grouped into 5 domains: introduction, material and method, results, conclusion, importance, originality and interest of the study; and overall presentation. When applying the questionnaire to the second panel of experts, a reduction items was generated and an item is added. Thus, the final instrument was composed of 10 items, grouped into 6 domains was constructed. Conclusion: A detailed description of the scale and guidelines for its implementation is presented, which will confer adequate reliability of the measurements. © 2016 Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile.
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    Erratum to Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 - 2012 [BMC Psychiatry, (2015), 15, 312]
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2016) Otzen, T.; Sanhueza, A.; Manterola, C.; Hetz, M.; Melnik, T.
    Erratum.
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    Fatalism, attributions of failure and academic performance in mapuche and non-mapuche Chilean students [Fatalismo, atribuciones del fracaso, y rendimiento académico en estudiantes Chilenos Mapuche y no-Mapuche]
    (Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Otzen, T.; Betancourt, H.; González-Plitt, M.-E.; Martella, D.
    This study investigated the role of fatalism as a cultural value orientation and causal attributions for past failure in the academic performance of high school students in the Araucania Region of Chile. Three thousand three hundred and fourty eight Mapuche and non-Mapuche students participated in the study. Consistent with the Culture and Behavior model that guided the research, the test of causal models based on the analysis of structural equations show that academic performance is in part a function of variations in the level of fatalism, directly as well as indirectly through its influence in the attribution processes and failure-related emotions. In general, the model representing the proposed structure of relations among fatalism, attributions, and emotions as determinants of academic performance fit the data for both Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. However, results show that some of the relations in the model are different for students from these two ethnic groups. Finally, according to the results from the analysis of causal models, family SES appear to be the most important determinant of fatalism. © 2016: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia.
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    Floating stoma: an alternative strategy in the context of damage control surgery
    (Elsevier Masson SAS, 2016) Manterola, C.; Flores, P.; Otzen, T.
    Introduction Floating stoma (FS) is a strategy to be considered in the context of damage control surgery (DCS). The purpose of this study is to describe the technique used and the results of a series of patients where FS was used. Methods Case series of relaparotomized patients at two emergency services in Temuco, Chile (2005–2014). In all of them, once drainage of septic focus or damage was controlled, the abdomen was left open with a Bogota bag (BB) and FS. Outcome variables were FS indications, morbidity, time to first replacement of BB, definitive maturation of the stoma (DMS), time to withdraw the BB and mortality. Results FS was performed in 46 patients with a mean age of 49.3 ± 21.1 years; 63% were female. The indication of FS was abdominal sepsis by secondary peritonitis (69.6%), abdominal trauma (17.4%), and mesenteric ischemia (13.0%). Morbidity was 37.0%. Median time to first replacement of BB, DMS and time to withdraw the BB were 84 hours, 3.5 days and 49 days, respectively. Mortality was 19.6%. Conclusion FS is a temporary resource reserved for special surgical cases. It is associated with morbidity and mortality inherent with the severity of the patients on whom it can be used. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
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    Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 - 2012
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Otzen, T.; Sanhueza, A.; Manterola, C.; Hetz, M.; Melnik, T.
    Background: Homicide, an external cause of morbidity and mortality, caused 473,000 deaths worldwide in 2012, a rate of 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this study was to describe homicide mortality trends in Chile between 2000 and 2012 by year, gender, age group, geographic distribution (by zone and by region) and type of homicide. Methods: This was a population-based study. Data for homicide mortality in Chile between 2000 and 2012 were used and they were provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health's Department of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS) and PAHO/WHO. The homicide mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. The study variables were year, geographic distribution, gender, age group and type of homicide. The annual percentage change (APC) of the rates was analyzed, and a logarithm of the rates by year and region was fitted by applying linear regression models. In addition, relative risks (RR) were calculated. 95 % confidence intervals were considered in all the analyses. Results: The average yearly rate of homicide (HMR) in Chile (2000-2012) was 4.9. The rates were higher in men (8.7) than in women (1.1), with a RR of 8.2. The rates were higher in the country's central zone (5.0), increasing in recent years in the southern zone, with a significant positive APC of 1.1 %. The Aisén Region had the highest rate (7.6), although Antofagasta was the region with the most significant APC (3.1 %). The highest rate (9.2) was verified in the 25 to 39 age group. The highest rate (5.5) was recorded in 2005. The most frequent type of homicide was assault with an object (44.8 %). Conclusions: Although the homicide rates are higher in the southern zone of the country, the northern zone is showing a tendency to increase, becoming an even more serious problem, which not only affects those directly involved, but society as a whole. © 2016 Otzen et al.
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    Instructions for the use of MInCiR scale to assess methodological quality in prognosis studies [Instrucciones para la utilización de la escala MInCiR para valorar calidad metodológica de estudios de pronóstico]
    (Universidad de la Frontera, 2015) Manterola, C.; Cartes-Velasquez, R.; Otzen, T.
    The assessment of methodological quality (MQ) in biomedical research is an area of dynamic development over recent years globally. Understood as a complex and multidimensional construct, several groups have been proposed tools for its evaluation, between them our group has designed and validated scales to assess MQ in therapy, diagnosis and prognosis studies. However, as with other instruments, it is necessary to specify in detail how the measurement is performed. The aim of this article is to provide a guideline for the standardized application of MInCir MQ scale for prognosis studies. A detailed description of the 11 items and 4 domains of the scale, indicating for each of them how to assess and rate the characteristics in primary prognosis articles is presented. This article provides an application guideline that may help to improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability of MInCir MQ scale for prognosis studies. © 2015, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
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    Instructions for the use of MInCir scale to assess methodological quality in therapy studies [Instrucciones para la utilización de la escala MInCir para valorar calidad metodológica de estudios de tratamiento o procedimientos terapéuticos]
    (Universidad de la Frontera, 2015) Manterola, C.; Cartes-Velasquez, R.; Otzen, T.
    The assessment of methodological quality (MQ) in biomedical research is an area of dynamic development over recent years globally. Understood as a complex and multidimensional construct, various groups have proposed tools for its assessment. Our team has designed and validated scales to assess MQ of therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis studies. However, as with other instruments, it is necessary to specify in detail how it is applied, in order to standardize the measurements made with this instrument. The aim of this article is to provide a guideline for the standardized application of the MInCir MQ scale for therapy or therapeutic procedure studies. A detailed description of the 3 domains and 6 items comprising the scale, specifying for each of them how to assess the characteristics and score articles on therapy or therapeutic procedures is presented. This article provides an application guideline that may help to improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the MInCir MQ scale for therapy or therapeutic procedures. © 2015, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
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    Instructions for using the MInCir scale to assess methodological quality in diagnostic accuracy studies [Instrucciones para utilizar la escala MInCir para valorar calidad metodológica de estudios de diagnóstico o pruebas diagnósticas]
    (Universidad de la Frontera, 2016) Manterola, C.; Cartes-Velasquez, R.; Otzen, T.
    Globally, the assessment of methodological quality (MQ) in biomedical research is an area of dynamic development over recent years. Understood as a complex and multidimensional construct, various groups have proposed tools for its assessment. Our team has designed and validated scales to assess MQ of therapy and prognosis studies. However, as with other instruments, it is necessary to specify in detail how it is applied, in such a way as to be able to standardize the measurements made with this instrument. A detailed description is presented of the 3 domains (type of research design [single item domain], size of population studied [single item domain], and methodology [7 items]) and 9 items comprising the scale, specifying for each item how to assess the characteristics and score articles of diagnostic accuracy studies. The application of this instrument requires critical evaluation of each of the items to assign the respective score, which sum to give a total score of between 9 and 45 points. The cut-off point to define the construct MQ (dichotomous) for this type of study is 20 points. This article provides an application guideline that may help to improve inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the MInCir MQ scale for diagnostic accuracy studies. The aim of this article is to provide a guideline for the standardized application of the MInCir MQ scale for diagnostic accuracy studies. © 2016, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
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    Laparoscopic surgery in nonparasitic cysts of the liver: results observed in a series of consecutive cases
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2016) Manterola, C.; Otzen, T.
    The purpose of this study was to report the results of laparoscopic treatment of nonparasitic cysts of the liver (NPCL) in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM) and recurrence. Prospective case series of patients operated on for NPCL at the Clínica Mayor in Temuco, Chile (2008 to 2015). The preoperative study consisted of general examinations, abdominal ultrasound or computed tomographic scan. The outcome variable was POM. Other variables of interest were surgical time, need for conversion, hospital stay, mortality, and recurrence. In the study period, 41 patients with NPCL underwent surgery. Median age of the series was 58 years, and 75.6% of the cases were female. The median ultrasound diameter of the lesions was 10 cm and surgical time was 50 minutes. All patients underwent a cystectomy. There was no conversion, no record of POM, mortality or recurrence. The treatment applied in this series of NPCL is associated with an adequate postoperative evolution. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Los sesgos en investigación clínica [Bias in Clinical Research]
    (Universidad de la Frontera, 2015) Manterola, C.; Otzen, T.
    One of the biggest dilemmas in clinical research is the occurrence of errors, which can occur by chance or systematic practice. Thus, we can consider that there is bias when in the course of an investigation a systematical error occurs and it is not listed as a random occurrence or by chance. Biases can occur for different causes, but it is generally accepted that the most common and perhaps the most important are those due to the observer, what is observed, and that with which it is observed. In other words, who measured, what is measured, and the instrument that is being used to measure. Another consideration to keep in mind refers to the concept that bias can occur at any stage of the course of an investigation, from the initial planning through the analysis and the results presentation and it subsequent publication. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the concepts for understanding the importance of the biases, knowing the most common biases in clinical research and its association with different types of research designs as well as the strategies to prevent and control it. © 2015, International Journal of Morphology. All rights reserved.